Pete Owen-Jones’ BB2 Around The World In 80 Faiths, which aired earlier this year, gave the British public a glimpse into Torajan ceremonies. Shrouded in tradition, Tana Toraja lies in southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Dubbed ‘one of the most disaster-prone nations on earth’ by Lonely Planet, Indonesia has had its fair share of natural and human-provoked tragedies. Christian-Muslim unrest continues in central Sulawesi and the 17 July Jakartan hotel bombings at the Ritz Carlton and Marriot prompted the Indonesian Tourism Report to predict a fall in visitors in 2010. Coupled with Indonesia’s history of natural disasters; volcanic explosions, the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami and the 2009 earthquakes, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office is obliged to issue warnings to would-be visitors.
But the country is keen to revive the positive image it deserves. In July, the Deputy Governor of South Sulawesi met the Dutch ambassador to promote southern Sulawesi’s tourism potential. And those who bypass this vast archipelago miss cultural wonders; the Indonesian Ministry for Culture and Tourism named Tana Toraja one of the best travel destinations of 2009.
The Ministry reported 6,429,027 visitors to Indonesia in 2008. 5895 of these visited Tana Toraja. So what is all the fuss about? Anthropologists believe Torajan presence dates back to 3,000 B.C. and although Protestant Christianity and the modern world has had its effects, the ancient beliefs and ways, aluk to dolo, are still preserved. Death in Toraja holds none of the Western taboos; funerals are the most important event of their lives. In some sense they live to die, working hard to save for the ceremonies.
Funeral season begins when the last rice is harvested, running through Sulawesi’s driest months of July to September. One ceremony occurs immediately after death. A second, aluk tomate, can occur up to ten years later. Mourners hold a great feast, dance and chat animatedly in specially-erected bamboo huts while loudspeakers spill out music. The ceremonies express grief, but also honour the dead on their long journey in the afterlife. As Slamet Riyadi, from Jakarta blogged: ‘What do you do if someone you really love has passed away? Cry all the time? Not in Toraja.’

‘It was interesting to see a culture that embraced death so openly,’ said Amy Fowler, 26, from Oregon. Kelsey Penner, 38, from Manitoba, Canada, added: ‘What struck me most was how death was regarded and respected as part of life, suggesting the continuation of a relationship.’
Visitors are embraced as family; greeted with Torajan coffee, palm wine and cigarettes. Dina Hervi, 26, from Jakarta, explained: ‘There is no prohibition or taboo that they shouldn’t come to the funeral; the more people who come to bury and pray, the better.’ Mark McQuillen, 36, from Cornwall said: ‘A complete stranger being allowed into a place of family privacy took my breath away.’
Water buffalo, Torajans’ pride and joy, play a vital role. They imply status; the greater the importance of the deceased, the more buffalos and pigs sacrificed. 80 were sacrificed for Sombolinggi. Vegetarians should be warned – the squeals of fated pigs are unpleasant. Worse still are the mounds of corpses in the centre of the circle of huts. But the animals are killed humanly and not wasted.

Buffalo aren’t cheap. It’s understandable then that many Torajans embrace the economic boost tourism has brought. Diana, a spokesperson for the Ministry said: ‘Many tourists visit the unique ceremonies. It’s good; tourists make jobs for Torajans.’ Ade, a spokesperson for the Tana Toraja Tourism Arts and Culture Department agreed: ‘The visitors have expenses in Tana Toraja and it helps the people here.’
The success of tour companies has prompted positive responses from locals. Paul Edmundus, owner of Floressa Bali Tours, whose company reported 503 clients in 2008, said: ‘Tourists increase the local economy and number of human resources. And they give the locals an opportunity to get to know people from other countries.’ Wanto, owner of Adventure Indonesia agreed, adding: ‘Tourism encourages the local people to become aware of their heritage.’
But a high influx of tourists could threaten Torajan traditions. ‘Especially in young Torajan people,’ the Ministry reported. ‘The worst thing about tourists is their awareness of cleanliness, the environment and public order.’
More damagingly, the main town, Rantepao, is already beginning to suffer the effects of organised tourism, becoming choked with guesthouses, restaurants and internet cafes. A future akin to Kuta in Bali or Bangkok’s Khao San Road, undoubtedly the ringleader in backpacker ghetto, would destroy Toraja’s cultural beauty.
Worse still is the realisation of where tourists’ money is actually going. Mark Gudmens, 26, from Ohio, said: ‘Local people see very little of the money from tourists and yet somehow have become the attraction. The rich continue to get richer.’ Mark is right – the money doesn’t go to the families and friends of the deceased, but to the tourism companies, who effectively make money at the locals’ expense.
It is possible to bypass plugging these industries and explore Toraja without a guide. Since most Torajans have links with a tour company, extracting from them the locations of ceremonies is like trying to separate a Torajan from their buffalo. Evenings will be spent with tour guides hanging around like vultures, determined to recruit tourists. But it is possible. And once diehard independent travellers find themselves a mode of transport – ojek (motorbike) was my choice – the hills, valleys and acres of lush green paddy fields are there for the taking.
Tracking down ceremonies independently is vastly rewarding, ensuring you are safely installed before the guides arrive, trailing tourists behind them and parading around the ceremony as if it were a showground. ‘Westerners flock to these funerals and snap photos at these people as if they are animals in the zoo,’ Mark commented, ‘When you take the time to try and meet the people and not just spectate, the hospitality shown is beyond amazing. Without responsible tourism, the effects are inevitable and irreversible.’
Tana Toraja is still, undeniably, uniquely spectacular. But as Jeffrey Papayungan, owner of Toraja Sulawesi Travel, insists: ‘Come and visit Toraja Land while its culture is still intact.’ And hire yourself an ojek.